3 April 2026, 19:03

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Cantonal Popular Initiative – Canton St. Gallen

«For professional wildlife protection»

Constitutional initiative in the form of a drafted proposal

Based on Art. 43 of the Constitution of Canton St. Gallen dated June 10, 2001 and on the Law on Referendum and Initiative

Submitted by the initiative committee [date of submission]

Initiative text

The undersigned persons entitled to vote in Canton St. Gallen hereby submit the following constitutional initiative:

The Constitution of Canton St. Gallen dated June 10, 2001 is supplemented by the following articles:

Art. [new] Professional wildlife protection

1 The practice of hunting by private persons (district hunting, hobby hunting) is prohibited throughout the entire territory of Canton St. Gallen.

2 The protection, care and, where necessary, regulation of wild animals is the exclusive responsibility of professionally trained wildlife managers in the service of the canton.

3 The shooting of wild animals is only permitted as a last resort when all other suitable measures for damage prevention or hazard control have been exhausted or are insufficient. It requires prior approval from the wildlife commission.

4 The canton establishes an independent wildlife commission composed of representatives from animal and nature protection organizations, science, and the relevant authorities. The commission supervises wildlife management and decides on regulatory measures.

5 The canton promotes the natural regulation of wildlife populations, the networking of habitats, and the coexistence of humans and wildlife.

6 The details are regulated by law.

Art. [new] Protection of threatened and protected wildlife species

1 The canton refrains from submitting applications for the preventive population regulation of protected wildlife species under the Federal Act on Hunting and the Protection of Wild Mammals and Birds, particularly of wolf, lynx, bear, beaver, otter, golden jackal, golden eagle, goosander and other species protected under federal law.

2 It focuses on promoting coexistence between humans and wildlife, passive damage prevention, ecological enhancement of habitats and scientific monitoring of wildlife presence.

3 Measures against individual wild animals that pose an immediate and significant threat to humans remain reserved. They are to be limited to the minimum and carried out by the competent specialist office of the canton.

4 The canton actively advocates for the protection and conservation of threatened wildlife species within the framework of intercantonal cooperation and vis-à-vis the federal government.

Transitional provision

1 The government shall issue the necessary implementing regulations within two years of the adoption of this constitutional amendment.

2 Existing hunting licenses expire upon the entry into force of the implementing regulations. Patent fees already paid for the current hunting season will be refunded on a pro rata basis.

3 The government ensures the continuity of wildlife management during the transitional phase.

Explanations

1. Initial situation

In the canton of St. Gallen, the fifth-largest canton in Switzerland with around 520,000 inhabitants on 2,026 km² of area, today's recreational hunting is a system that serves neither species conservation nor contemporary wildlife management. It is the practice of bloody recreational entertainment at the expense of sentient beings, legitimized by outdated narratives that do not withstand scientific examination. The claim that ecological balance would collapse without recreational hunting has been empirically refuted by the Geneva model for over 50 years (cf. the comprehensive dossier on the Geneva hunting ban on wildbeimwild.com).

Recreational hunting is organized in St. Gallen as district hunting. Private individuals obtain a cantonal license and hunt without fixed district responsibility. Contrary to widespread claims, license holders do not assume ecological responsibility, but act within the framework of cantonal shooting plans that are primarily oriented toward the interests of forestry and agriculture (cf. the psychology of recreational hunting in the canton of St. Gallen as well as the critical analysis of hunting education on wildbeimwild.com).

In parallel, more and more protected wildlife species are coming under pressure at the federal level. With the revision of the Hunting Act in December 2022, preventive regulation of wolves was introduced. Since February 2025, beavers may be shot upon cantonal application. Political pressure on other species such as lynx, otter and goosander is steadily increasing. The canton of St. Gallen is a diverse wildlife canton: The wolf is documented in the Churfirsten and in the Alpstein. The golden eagle breeds in the Alpstein. The lynx is present in the pre-Alps. The beaver colonizes the Rhine, the Thur, the Sitter and their tributaries. The southern shore of Lake Constance and the Rhine Valley marsh are waterfowl areas of supraregional significance (cf. the analysis of hunting policy on wildbeimwild.com and the wolf policy on wildbeimwild.com).

The canton of St. Gallen has the opportunity to set a clear signal here: not only for professional wildlife protection instead of recreational hunting, but also for consistent protection of threatened wildlife species at the cantonal level.

2. The model: Canton of Geneva

On May 19, 1974, around two-thirds of voters in the canton of Geneva voted to abolish militia recreational hunting. Before the ban, big game in the canton was practically exterminated: deer and wild boar had disappeared for decades, only a few dozen specimens of roe deer remained alive. Around 300 hobby hunters extensively released pheasants, partridges and hares for recreational hunting.

The experiences since the recreational hunting ban are clear:

– Biodiversity has markedly increased. The number of overwintering waterfowl has multiplied from a few hundred to around 30,000. Geneva today harbors the largest field hare population and one of the last partridge populations in Switzerland.

– The roe deer population has stabilized at a healthy level, with an annual special cull by professional game wardens of only 20 to 36 animals. The population moves at a density compatible with the forest area.

– In 2005, in a renewed referendum, 90 percent of Geneva voters spoke in favor of maintaining the recreational hunting ban. In 2009, a motion for reintroduction was rejected in the cantonal parliament by 70 to 7 votes.

– The total costs of professional wildlife management in Geneva amount to around 1.2 million francs annually, divided into around 600,000 francs for personnel (about three full-time positions, divided among around a dozen environmental officers), 250,000 francs for prevention and 350,000 francs for damage compensation. This corresponds to around 2.40 francs per inhabitant per year.

The Geneva fauna inspector Gottlieb Dandliker, responsible for wildlife management since 2001, describes the recreational hunting ban as the financially most favorable alternative for the canton. A detailed presentation can be found in the dossier «Geneva and the hunting ban» on wildbeimwild.com.

The efficiency of the Geneva model is evident in direct comparison: A professional game warden in Geneva needs on average 8 hours and a maximum of 2 cartridges for a sanitary cull of a wild boar. A hobby hunter in the canton of Zurich needs 60 to 80 hours and up to 15 cartridges for this. The field hare density in Geneva is 17.7 animals per 100 hectares (highest in Switzerland), in the canton of Zurich only 1.0 per 100 hectares (cf. fact check Zurich government council).

3. The concept: Professional game management instead of recreational hunting

The initiative does not replace recreational hunting with a vacuum, but with professional wildlife management according to the game warden model. This model is based on the following principles:

Professional competence instead of recreational entertainment. Professional wildlife managers act on a scientific basis, with biological training and within the framework of a cantonal service mandate. Their goal is the preservation of healthy wildlife populations, not maximizing shooting numbers (cf. the critical analysis of hunting education on wildbeimwild.com).

Ultima ratio principle. Shooting is only permissible when all non-lethal measures have been exhausted. These include electric fences, deterrence, habitat management, relocation, taste repellents and structural protective measures. In Geneva, fruit trees are protected with nets. For wild boar, the canton provides farmers with electric fences.

Democratic control through a wildlife commission. The independent commission prevents political pressure from diluting wildlife management. The initiative anchors the approval requirement constitutionally.

Natural self-regulation as guiding principle. The experience from Geneva, from national parks and from numerous scientific Studies prove: Wildlife populations regulate themselves naturally in most cases. Recreational hunting disrupts this natural process by destroying social structures, artificially increasing reproduction rates and altering migration patterns.

4. Why St. Gallen?

The Canton of St. Gallen is particularly suitable for introducing professional wildlife protection for several reasons:

Most diverse wildlife canton in Eastern Switzerland. St. Gallen combines Lake Constance, the Rhine Valley, the Central Plateau and the Alps (Alpstein, Churfirsten, Sarganserland) in one canton. The golden eagle breeds in the Alpstein. The wolf is documented in the Churfirsten. The lynx is present in the pre-Alps. The beaver inhabits the Rhine, Thur and Sitter. The southern shore of Lake Constance and the Rhine Valley wetlands are waterfowl habitats of supra-regional importance. This diversity makes St. Gallen an ideal test case for professional wildlife management (cf. wildbeimwild.com on predators).

Lake Constance parallel. Like Thurgau, St. Gallen also benefits from the Lake Constance argument: At Lake Geneva, the abolition of recreational hunting multiplied waterfowl from one hundred to 30,000. The southern shore of Lake Constance and the Rhine Valley wetlands have the same potential. The species protection paragraph specifically protects the common merganser and other waterfowl species.

Wolf politics in the Alpstein and the Churfirsten. The wolf is documented in St. Gallen. The controversial wolf cullings have politicized the debate. The initiative offers a constitutional answer: Professional wildlife management instead of politically motivated cullings (cf. wolf politics on wildbeimwild.com).

4,000 signatures. With 520,000 inhabitants, 4,000 signatures are less than one percent of the population. Signatures can be collected efficiently in St. Gallen, Rapperswil-Jona, Wil, Buchs, Rorschach and Gossau (cf. wildbeimwild.com on wildlife in settlements).

Beaver on Rhine, Thur and Sitter. The beaver is documented in several St. Gallen waterways. Since February 2025, it may be shot nationwide upon cantonal request. The initiative protects the beaver in the canton.

District hunting = simple system change. No lease contracts, no municipal compensation. Existing licenses expire and already paid fees are refunded proportionally.

Signal effect for Eastern Switzerland. St. Gallen is the largest canton in Eastern Switzerland. Success here would have a signal effect for the entire region (TG, AR, AI, SH, GL).

5. On the Initiative Text

Paragraph 1 – Ban on Recreational Hunting

The ban on district hunting by private individuals is the core of the initiative. It corresponds to the Geneva model. The cantonal competence for this is undisputed: The federal Hunting Act (JSG) explicitly leaves the organization of hunting operations to the cantons (Art. 3 Para. 1 JSG). The three hunting systems in Switzerland – license hunting, district hunting and state hunting – are equivalent. The Canton of Geneva has practiced state hunting in compliance with federal law since 1974.

Paragraph 2 – Professional Wildlife Management

Instead of hobby hunters, professionally trained wildlife managers in cantonal service take over all tasks. This system has proven itself in Geneva for over 50 years.

Paragraph 3 – Culling as Ultima Ratio

Culling is not the rule, but the exception. Passive measures take priority. In Geneva, around 250 wild boar are culled annually by wildlife wardens (according to BAFU hunting statistics), mainly juveniles, with lead animals explicitly spared.

Paragraph 4 – Wildlife Commission

The independent wildlife commission is modeled on the Geneva system. It ensures that animal and nature conservation organizations have a say and prevents the government from independently approving exceptions. The involvement of science ensures evidence-based decisions (cf. wildbeimwild.com/hunting-facts).

Paragraph 5 – Natural Regulation and Coexistence

Promoting coexistence includes in St. Gallen in particular securing and networking wildlife corridors along the Rhine, Thur and Sitter, ecological enhancement of the Rhine Valley wetlands and Lake Constance shore, and educating the population about behavior toward wildlife (cf. wildbeimwild.com on wildlife in settlements).

Transitional Provisions

The two-year deadline gives the government sufficient time to develop implementing legislation, hire professional wildlife managers and establish the wildlife commission. The existing Office for Nature, Hunting and Fisheries (ANJF) can serve as an institutional basis.

6. On the Second Article: Protection of Endangered and Protected Wildlife Species

The second article is particularly relevant for St. Gallen. The wolf is documented in the Churfirsten and the Alpstein. The golden eagle breeds in the Alpstein. The lynx is present in the pre-Alps. The beaver inhabits the Rhine, Thur and Sitter. The southern shore of Lake Constance and the Rhine Valley wetlands are waterfowl habitats of supra-regional importance. The 'in particular' formulation is designed as a dynamic reference to federal law and also protects future returnees, especially the otter (cf. wolf politics on wildbeimwild.com).

7. Cost Implications: Concrete Budget for St. Gallen

The Geneva Reference Budget

In Geneva, which at 282 km² is about seven times smaller than St. Gallen and has around 500,000 inhabitants, the total costs of professional wildlife management amount to around 1.2 million francs annually: around 600,000 francs for personnel, around 250,000 francs for prevention and around 350,000 francs for damage compensation.

Conservative Projection for St. Gallen

For St. Gallen with 2,026 km² area and around 520,000 inhabitants, the following deliberately conservative cost estimate results. This calculates generously and takes into account alpine additional costs that do not arise in Geneva:

Personnel costs: 960,000 to 1,680,000 francs annually. Required are 8 to 12 full-time positions. One full-time position in cantonal service costs around 120,000 to 140,000 francs annually including social contributions and employer overhead costs. St. Gallen is seven times larger than Geneva and topographically demanding: Alpstein, Churfirsten and Sarganserland require specialists with alpine experience.

Material costs: 200,000 to 350,000 francs annually. This includes equipment, vehicles, deterrent devices, monitoring infrastructure (camera traps, GPS transmitters), structural protection measures, electric fences and public relations work. In alpine terrain, material costs are higher than in flatlands.

Damage compensation: 150,000 to 300,000 francs annually. Mainly wild boar damage in agriculture, browsing damage in forests, beaver damage to waterways and possible wolf livestock damage. The higher estimate takes into account possible increase in wolf presence.

Livestock protection start-up investment: 500,000 to 1,000,000 francs. In the first three to five years after the system change, a one-time start-up investment in livestock protection infrastructure for the Churfirsten and Sarganserland regions is needed: livestock protection dog programs, mobile fences, night enclosures, herder training. This investment is non-recurring and will be amortized over three to five years.

Total costs: 1,310,000 to 2,330,000 francs annually (gross). This corresponds to approximately 2.50 to 4.50 francs per inhabitant per year.

Red deer transitional management

Red deer are present in large populations in the St. Gallen Alps. In the first years after the system change, targeted transitional management is needed because compensatory reproduction – the artificially elevated reproduction rate caused by hunting pressure – only subsides after several years. Scientific literature clearly documents this effect: high hunting pressure leads to earlier sexual maturity, larger litters, and higher survival rates of young animals. After the elimination of hunting pressure, the reproduction rate normalizes within three to five years. This transitional management is already factored into the higher staffing numbers (see studies on wildbeimwild.com).

Savings and counter-financing

This is offset by considerable savings: the canton no longer needs to administer hunting examinations, issue and manage licenses, create shooting plans, or organize hunting supervision. The resources currently allocated to these tasks within the Office for Nature, Hunting and Fisheries can be partially repurposed. Additionally, there are the costs currently incurred for wolf culls: a single pointlessly killed wolf costs the public around 35,000 francs (helicopter operations, coordination, legal proceedings). With multiple culls per year, this quickly adds up.

Lost revenue

With the abolition of hobby hunting, lease revenues from hunting districts of an estimated 600,000 to 900,000 francs annually will be eliminated. However, this is offset by the never-accounted external costs of militia hunting – wildlife accidents, hunting-related browsing damage in protective forests, administrative overhead, police and court interventions – which amount to a multiple of this revenue. In Canton Geneva, these revenues have been eliminated since 1974 – without financial problems: before the hunting ban, over 400 hobby hunters were active; today, three full-time positions do the same work better. Sanitary and therapeutic culls by professional wildlife wardens are not the same as regulatory hunting based on hunters' folklore or the misunderstood 'nature experience' of hobby hunters. A full cost accounting shows: militia hunting costs taxpayers significantly more than it brings in (see 'What hobby hunting really costs Switzerland' on wildbeimwild.com).

Hobby hunters in politics vote against nature conservation. The hobby hunting lobby systematically opposes biodiversity and species protection initiatives. In 2024, it opposed the biodiversity initiative (63 percent No). In 2020, the hunting law it helped shape failed at the ballot box (51.9 percent No). In 2016, the Ticino hunters' association torpedoed the Parc Adula National Park. In the legislative period 2015 to 2019, hobby hunters in parliament predominantly voted against environmental issues. Anyone claiming hobby hunters are conservationists ignores their voting behavior (see Ticino Hunters' Association: 30 Years of Nonsense and Cost Dossier).

The net additional costs are likely to be 800,000 to 1,500,000 francs annually, which corresponds to approximately 1.55 to 2.90 francs per inhabitant. Even with generous calculations: that's less than one coffee per person per year. For a canton with a total budget of around 5.3 billion francs (2024 state accounts, EFV), this represents less than 0.03 percent (see Hunting Myths Fact-Check on wildbeimwild.com).

8. Compatibility with higher-level law

First article: Abolition of hobby hunting

The initiative is compatible with federal law. The federal Hunting Act (JSG) explicitly leaves the regulation of hunting rights, hunting systems, hunting areas, and hunting supervision to the cantons (Art. 3 Para. 1 JSG). The three hunting systems are equivalent. Canton Geneva has practiced state hunting since 1974 and has never received federal legal objections in over 50 years.

Second article: Protection of protected species

Art. 7a JSG enables cantons to implement preventive regulation but does not obligate them to do so. Abstaining violates neither federal law nor the Bern Convention.

Unity of subject matter

The initiative maintains unity of subject matter, as all provisions of both articles relate to cantonal wildlife management and the protection of wild animals.

9. Anticipating foreseeable objections

'St. Gallen has Alps and alpine agriculture – the Geneva model doesn't fit'

The facts: St. Gallen combines all landscape types: Lake Constance, Mittelland, pre-Alps, and Alps. In the Mittelland (Fürstenland, Wil, Rapperswil-Jona), the landscape is directly comparable to Geneva. In the Alps (Alpstein, Churfirsten, Sarganserland), settlement is sparse and conflict zones are fewer. Alpine agriculture requires professional livestock protection, not hobby hunting. This great landscape diversity makes St. Gallen the ideal test case: if it works here, it works everywhere in eastern Switzerland (see the Psychology of Hobby Hunting in Canton St. Gallen).

Communicative short formula: 'The St. Gallen Mittelland is the same landscape as Geneva. And in the Alps, professional livestock protection is needed, not hobby hunting.'

'The wolf needs hobby hunting'

The facts: The wolf regulates. Hobby hunting disrupts. Geneva has proven this for 50 years. Professional wildlife management enables the wolf to fulfill its ecological function while simultaneously protecting livestock herds through professional prevention.

Communicative short formula: 'The wolf regulates. Hobby hunting disrupts. Geneva has proven this for 50 years.'

'Costs are rising – taxpayers end up paying'

The facts: Even with generous, conservative calculations, around 1.55 to 2.90 francs per inhabitant per year – less than one coffee per person per year. This already includes alpine additional costs, livestock protection start-up investment, and red deer transitional management. Within the range of Geneva's level (2.40 francs). Geneva has been doing it for 50 years, and 90 percent of the population wants to keep it. Less than 0.1 percent of the cantonal budget.

Communicative short formula: 'Even generously calculated: less than one coffee per person per year. Less than 0.1 percent of the cantonal budget. The Zurich 20 million was an invention.'

10. Summary

This initiative gives the St. Gallen population the opportunity to advocate for modern, evidence-based wildlife management and comprehensive protection of endangered wildlife species. The first article follows the Geneva model, proven for over 50 years, and replaces recreational hunting with professional wildlife protection. The second article particularly protects the golden eagle in the Alpstein, the wolf in the Churfirsten, the beaver along the Rhine, Thur and Sitter, and waterfowl at Lake Constance. As the largest canton in eastern Switzerland, success in St. Gallen would have a signal effect for the entire region.

Initiative Committee 'For Professional Wildlife Protection'

[Name 1], [Name 2], [Name 3] …

(Committee members according to cantonal law, with residence in the Canton of St. Gallen)

Contact address: [Committee address]

Appendix: Further documentation

The following dossiers and sources support the argumentation of this initiative and are available as supplements:

Geneva model in detail: wildbeimwild.com/dossiers/genf-und-das-jagdverbot – Comprehensive presentation of Geneva wildlife management since 1974.

Scientific studies: wildbeimwild.com/studien – Collection of scientific studies on self-regulation of wildlife populations.

Hunting in Switzerland: wildbeimwild.com/jagd-in-der-schweiz – Continuously updated overview of Swiss hunting policy.

Psychology of recreational hunting in the Canton of St. Gallen: wildbeimwild.com – Psychologie der Hobby-Jagd im Kanton SG – Canton-specific analysis.

Psychology of recreational hunting: wildbeimwild.com/category/psychologie-jagd – Comprehensive articles.

Wolf dossier: wildbeimwild.com/category/wolf – Current developments in wolf policy.

Predators: wildbeimwild.com/category/raubtiere – Information on predators.

Wildlife in settlement areas: wildbeimwild.com/category/wildtiere-im-siedlungsgebiet – Coexistence of humans and wildlife.

Hunting myths: wildbeimwild.com/dossiers/jagdmythen – Fact check.

Cantonal popular initiative Basel-Stadt: Model text of the initiative in the Canton of Basel-Stadt – The template for the entire initiative series.

Note on procedure

The initiative committee submits the initiative text to the State Chancellery of the Canton of St. Gallen for preliminary review before beginning signature collection. 4,000 valid signatures are required for the initiative to be successful. The submission procedures follow the Law on Referendum and Initiative.

Strategic briefing for activists

Popular initiative 'For professional wildlife protection' – Canton of St. Gallen Internal working document – Status March 2026

Summary

St. Gallen is the largest canton in eastern Switzerland and the most diverse wildlife canton in the region. It combines Lake Constance, the Rhine Valley, the Mittelland and the Alps. The golden eagle breeds in the Alpstein, the wolf is documented in the Churfirsten, the beaver inhabits the Rhine, Thur and Sitter. 4,000 signatures among 520,000 inhabitants is achievable. The per capita costs are below Geneva levels. The hunting concession system change is administratively simple. Success would have a signal effect for all of eastern Switzerland.

1. Why St. Gallen of all places?

Most diverse wildlife canton in eastern Switzerland. Lake Constance, Rhine Valley, Mittelland, Alps. Golden eagle, wolf, lynx, beaver, waterfowl.

Lake Constance parallel. What multiplied waterfowl at Lake Geneva can have the same effect at Lake Constance.

Wolf policy in the Alpstein. Wolf documented. Species protection paragraph mobilized.

4,000 signatures with 520,000 inhabitants. Under one percent. Achievable.

Territorial hunting = simple system change. No lease contracts, no municipal compensation.

Signal effect for Eastern Switzerland. Largest canton in the region.

2. Lessons from Zurich: What we do differently

Positive title. «For professional wildlife protection» instead of «Game wardens instead of hunters».

Concrete budget calculation. Around 1.55 to 2.90 francs per person. Below Geneva level.

Secure party support early. Involve SP, Greens, GLP early.

Species protection as coalition broadening. Golden eagle, wolf, beaver, waterfowl mobilize broadly.

3. Opposition analysis and prepared responses

Counter-argument 1: «St. Gallen has Alps and alpine farming»

The facts: The St. Gallen lowlands are the same landscape as Geneva. In the Alps: sparse settlement, fewer conflicts, professional livestock protection instead of hobby hunting.

Communication short formula: «The St. Gallen lowlands are Geneva. The Alps need livestock protection, not hobby hunting.»

Counter-argument 2: «The wolf needs hobby hunting»

The facts: The wolf regulates. Hobby hunting disrupts. Geneva proves it for 50 years.

Communication short formula: «The wolf regulates. Hobby hunting disrupts.»

Counter-argument 3: «Costs increase»

The facts: Even calculated generously: less than one coffee per person per year. Less than 0.1 percent of the canton budget.

Communication short formula: «Less than one coffee per person per year. Less than 0.1 percent of the budget.»

4. Communication strategy: The three core messages

«Geneva has been demonstrating it for 50 years.» More biodiversity, stable populations, minimal costs, 90 percent approval.

«Professional instead of hobby.» Professionals instead of recreational shooters.

«Around 1.55 to 2.90 francs per person per year.» Below the Geneva level.

5. Timeline and next steps

PhaseContentTimeframe
Committee formation & text pre-reviewEngage lawyer; recruit committee members with SG residenceMonth 1–3
Submission for pre-reviewState Chancellery St. GallenMonth 3–4
Publication & collection startGoal: 5,000+ signatures as bufferMonth 4
Party contacts & coalition buildingSP, Greens, GLP; Pro Natura SG; BirdLife SG; WWF Eastern SwitzerlandMonth 1–12
Submission of signaturesState Chancellery, official reviewAfter collection period
Cantonal council debateParliamentary anchoring; media workFollowing months
Referendum campaignFinal mobilization, Lake Constance argument, golden eagle argumentBefore vote

6. Campaign materials

7. Further sources

This document is a template text from IG Wild beim Wild. It can be freely used by activists, organizations or initiative committees and adapted to the conditions in the canton of St. Gallen.

Fact-check: The claims of the hobby hunting lobby

The brochure «Hunting in Switzerland protects and benefits» by JagdSchweiz reads like an advertising prospectus – but the central claims do not withstand fact-checking. Ten narratives under scrutiny, from «state task» via «biodiversity» to «80% approval»: Dossier: Fact-check JagdSchweiz brochure →