«For professional wildlife protection» / «Pour une gestion professionnelle de la faune sauvage»

Constitutional initiative in the form of a drafted proposal / Initiative constitutionnelle rédigée de toutes pièces

Based on Art. 41 of the Constitution of Canton Freiburg of 16 May 2004 and on the Law on the Exercise of Political Rights

Submitted by the initiative committee [Date of submission]

Note: Canton Freiburg is bilingual. For submission, the initiative text must be available in German and French. The French version must be verified by a legal expert before submission.

Initiative text

The undersigned persons entitled to vote in Canton Freiburg submit the following constitutional initiative:

The Constitution of Canton Freiburg of 16 May 2004 is supplemented by the following articles:

Art. [new] Professional wildlife protection

1 The practice of hunting by private persons (licensed hunting, recreational hunting) is prohibited throughout the territory of Canton Freiburg.

2 The protection, care and, where necessary, regulation of wild animals shall be the exclusive responsibility of professionally trained wildlife managers in the service of the canton.

3 The shooting of wild animals is only permitted as a last resort when all other suitable measures for damage prevention or hazard control have been exhausted or are insufficient. It requires prior approval from the wildlife commission.

4 The canton establishes an independent wildlife commission composed of representatives from animal and nature protection organizations, the scientific community, and relevant authorities. The commission supervises wildlife management and decides on regulatory measures.

5 The canton promotes the natural regulation of wildlife populations, habitat connectivity, and coexistence between humans and wildlife.

6 Details are regulated by law.

Art. [new] Protection of threatened and protected wildlife species

1 The canton refrains from submitting applications for preventive population regulation of protected wildlife species under the Federal Act on Hunting and the Protection of Wild Mammals and Birds, particularly for wolves, lynx, bears, beavers, otters, golden jackals, golden eagles, goosanders, and other species protected under federal law.

2 It focuses on promoting coexistence between humans and wildlife, passive damage prevention, ecological enhancement of habitats, and scientific monitoring of wildlife presence.

3 Measures against individual wild animals that pose an immediate and significant danger to humans remain reserved. They must be limited to the minimum necessary and carried out by the competent cantonal authority.

4 The canton actively advocates for the protection and conservation of threatened wildlife species within the framework of inter-cantonal cooperation and vis-à-vis the federal government.

Transitional provision

1 The State Council issues the necessary implementing regulations within two years of adoption of this constitutional amendment.

2 Existing hunting licenses expire upon entry into force of the implementing regulations. License fees already paid for the current hunting season will be refunded on a pro-rata basis.

3 The State Council ensures continuity of wildlife management during the transitional phase.

Explanations

1. Initial situation

In the Canton of Fribourg, a bilingual canton on the border between French-speaking and German-speaking Switzerland with around 330,000 inhabitants across 1,671 km² of territory, today's recreational hunting is a system that serves neither species protection nor contemporary wildlife management. It is the practice of a bloody recreational activity at the expense of sentient beings, legitimized by outdated narratives that cannot withstand scientific scrutiny. The claim that ecological balance would collapse without recreational hunting has been empirically refuted by the Geneva model for over 50 years (see the comprehensive dossier on Geneva's hunting ban on wildbeimwild.com).

Recreational hunting in Fribourg is organized as patent hunting. Private individuals obtain a cantonal license and hunt without fixed territorial responsibility. Contrary to widespread claims, patent holders do not assume ecological responsibility but operate within cantonal culling plans primarily oriented toward forestry and agricultural interests (see the psychology of recreational hunting in Canton Fribourg and the critical analysis of hunting education on wildbeimwild.com).

At the federal level, an increasing number of protected wildlife species are coming under pressure. With the revision of the Hunting Act in December 2022, preventive regulation of wolves was introduced. Beavers may be shot upon cantonal request since February 2025. Political pressure on additional species such as lynx, otters, and goosanders continues to mount. Canton Fribourg is directly affected by wolf return: wolf presence is documented in the Fribourg pre-Alps (Gruyère region, Schwarzsee). Lynx are native to the canton. Beavers populate the Sarine and its tributaries (see the analysis of hunting policy on wildbeimwild.com and wolf policy on wildbeimwild.com).

The Canton of Fribourg has the opportunity to set a clear signal here: not only for professional wildlife protection instead of hobby hunting, but also for the consistent protection of threatened wildlife species at the cantonal level. As a bilingual canton on the language border, this signal would have a bridging function between Romandie and German-speaking Switzerland.

2. The Model: Canton of Geneva

On May 19, 1974, around two-thirds of voters in the Canton of Geneva voted to abolish militia hobby hunting. Before the ban, large game in the canton was practically extinct: deer and wild boar had disappeared for decades, and only a few dozen roe deer remained. Around 300 hobby hunters heavily stocked pheasants, partridges and hares for recreational hunting.

The experiences since the hobby hunting ban are clear:

– Biodiversity has increased markedly. The number of overwintering waterfowl has multiplied from a few hundred to around 30,000. Geneva today hosts the largest brown hare population and one of the last partridge populations in Switzerland.

– The roe deer population has stabilized at a healthy level, with an annual special cull by professional game wardens of only 20 to 36 animals. The population maintains a density compatible with the forest area.

– In 2005, in a renewed referendum, 90 percent of Geneva's voting population spoke in favor of maintaining the hobby hunting ban. In 2009, a motion to reintroduce hunting was rejected in the cantonal parliament by 70 to 7 votes.

– The total costs of professional wildlife management in Geneva amount to around 1.2 million francs annually, divided into around 600,000 francs for personnel (approximately three full-time positions, distributed among around a dozen environmental officers), 250,000 francs for prevention and 350,000 francs for damage compensation. This corresponds to around 2.40 francs per inhabitant per year.

The Geneva fauna inspector Gottlieb Dandliker, responsible for wildlife management since 2001, describes the hobby hunting ban as the most financially favorable alternative for the canton. A detailed presentation can be found in the dossier 'Geneva and the Hunting Ban' on wildbeimwild.com. For the French-speaking part of the canton, the cultural and linguistic proximity to Geneva is a particular advantage: the Geneva experience is directly accessible.

The efficiency of the Geneva model is evident in direct comparison: A professional game warden in Geneva needs on average 8 hours and a maximum of 2 cartridges for a sanitary cull of a wild boar. A hobby hunter in Canton Zurich needs 60 to 80 hours and up to 15 cartridges for the same task. The brown hare density in Geneva is 17.7 animals per 100 hectares (highest in Switzerland), in Canton Zurich only 1.0 per 100 hectares (cf. Fact Check Government Council Zurich).

3. The Concept: Professional Game Wardens Instead of Hobby Hunting

The initiative does not replace hobby hunting with a vacuum, but with professional wildlife management according to the game warden model. This model is based on the following principles:

Professional competence instead of recreational pleasure. Professional wildlife managers act on a scientific basis, with biological training and within the framework of a cantonal service mandate. Their goal is the preservation of healthy wildlife populations, not the maximization of kill numbers (cf. the critical analysis of hunting education on wildbeimwild.com).

Ultima ratio principle. A cull is only permitted when all non-lethal measures have been exhausted. These include electric fences, deterrence, habitat management, relocation, taste repellents and structural protective measures. In Geneva, fruit trees are protected with nets so that deer and hares cannot gnaw bark. For wild boar, the canton provides farmers with electric fences.

Democratic control through a wildlife commission. The independent commission prevents political pressure from diluting wildlife management. The initiative constitutionally enshrines the approval requirement.

Natural self-regulation as guiding principle. Experience from Geneva, from national parks and from numerous scientific studies proves: Wildlife populations regulate themselves in most cases. Recreational hunting disrupts this natural process by destroying social structures, artificially increasing reproduction rates and altering migration patterns.

4. Why Fribourg?

The canton of Fribourg is particularly suitable for introducing professional wildlife protection for several reasons:

Bilingual bridge canton. Fribourg is bilingual: around two-thirds of the population speak French, one-third German. The initiative connects the German-speaking and French-speaking Swiss debate at the language border. In the French-speaking part of the canton, the Geneva experience is culturally and linguistically immediately accessible. In the German-speaking Sense district and Lake district, the initiative can draw on the experiences of the German-Swiss initiative series. Fribourg is the only canton besides Bern and Valais that can serve as a bridge between the language regions.

Wolf policy in the Gruyère region. The wolf is documented in the Fribourg pre-Alps (Gruyère region, Schwarzsee). The controversial wolf culls have politicized the debate. The initiative offers a constitutional response: Professional wildlife management instead of politically motivated culls (cf. the wolf policy on wildbeimwild.com).

Lynx in the pre-Alps. The lynx is native to the canton and naturally regulates roe deer populations. Professional wildlife management protects the lynx and utilizes its ecological function.

Beaver along the Sarine. The beaver is documented along the Sarine and its tributaries. Since February 2025, it may be culled nationwide upon cantonal application. The initiative protects the beaver in the canton (cf. wildbeimwild.com on predators).

6,000 signatures. With 330,000 inhabitants, 6,000 signatures represent 1.8 percent of the population. In Fribourg, Bulle, Murten, Düdingen and Villars-sur-Glâne, collection can be efficiently organized. The collection must be organized in both languages (cf. wildbeimwild.com on wildlife in urban areas).

Patent hunting = simple system change. No lease agreements, no municipal compensation. Existing patents expire and already paid fees are proportionally refunded.

Proximity to Geneva. Fribourg does not directly border Geneva, but the cultural proximity of French-speaking Switzerland makes the Geneva experience immediately relevant for the French-speaking part of the canton. 'Geneva has been doing this for 50 years' is not an abstract reference here, but lived neighborhood.

5. On the initiative text

Paragraph 1 – Ban on recreational hunting

The ban on patent hunting by private individuals is the core of the initiative. It corresponds to the Geneva model. Cantonal competence for this is undisputed: The federal Hunting Act (JSG) expressly leaves the organization of hunting operations to the cantons (Art. 3 Para. 1 JSG). The three hunting systems of Switzerland – patent hunting, district hunting and state or management hunting – are equivalent. The canton of Geneva has practiced management hunting since 1974 in compliance with federal law. Unlike in district hunting cantons, no hunting lease agreements need to be dissolved and no municipalities need to be compensated in Fribourg.

Paragraph 2 – Professional wildlife management

Instead of hobby hunters, professionally trained wildlife managers in cantonal service take over all tasks of wildlife care and, where necessary, population regulation. This system has proven successful in Geneva for over 50 years.

Paragraph 3 – Culling as ultima ratio

Shooting is not the rule, but the exception. Passive measures take priority. In Geneva, approximately 250 wild boar are shot annually by wildlife wardens (according to FOEN hunting statistics), mainly young animals, with lead animals explicitly spared.

Paragraph 4 – Wildlife Commission

The independent wildlife commission is modeled after the Geneva model. It ensures that animal and nature conservation organizations have a say and prevents the State Council from independently granting exceptions. The involvement of science guarantees evidence-based decisions (see wildbeimwild.com/jagd-fakten).

Paragraph 5 – Natural Regulation and Coexistence

Promoting coexistence in Freiburg particularly includes securing and networking wildlife corridors along the Saane and its tributaries, the ecological enhancement of pre-alpine landscapes in Gruyère, and educating the population about behavior toward wildlife (see wildbeimwild.com on wildlife in residential areas).

Transitional Provisions

The two-year deadline gives the State Council sufficient time to develop implementing legislation, hire professional wildlife managers, and establish the wildlife commission. The existing Office for Forest and Nature (WNA) can serve as an institutional foundation.

6. On the Second Article: Protection of Threatened and Protected Wildlife Species

The second article is particularly relevant for Freiburg. The wolf is present in the pre-Alps. The lynx is native to the canton. The beaver inhabits the Saane. The 'in particular' formulation is designed as a dynamic reference to federal law and also protects future returnees, especially the otter, whose return to western Switzerland is expected (see the Wolf policy on wildbeimwild.com).

7. Cost Implications: Concrete Budget for Freiburg

The Geneva Reference Budget

In Geneva, which at 282 km² is approximately six times smaller than Freiburg and has around 500,000 inhabitants, the total costs of professional wildlife management amount to approximately 1.2 million francs annually: around 600,000 francs for personnel, around 250,000 francs for prevention, and around 350,000 francs for damage compensation.

Conservative Projection for Freiburg

For Freiburg with 1,671 km² area and around 330,000 inhabitants, the following deliberately conservative cost estimate results. This calculates generously and considers the pre-alpine areas (Gruyère, Schwarzsee, Jaun), livestock protection development, and transition management:

Personnel costs: 720,000 to 1,260,000 francs annually. 6 to 9 full-time positions are required. One full-time position in cantonal service costs approximately 120,000 to 140,000 francs annually including social contributions and employer overhead costs. Freiburg is six times larger than Geneva and topographically diverse: Mittelland in the north, pre-Alps in the south (Gruyère, Schwarzsee, Jaun). The wolf is documented in the canton and requires specialized large carnivore management.

Material costs: 150,000 to 260,000 francs annually. Equipment, vehicles, monitoring infrastructure, livestock protection materials, structural protective measures, and public relations work in two languages (German and French).

Damage compensation: 80,000 to 200,000 francs annually.

Livestock protection start-up investment: 400,000 to 700,000 francs. One-time investment in livestock protection infrastructure for Gruyère and the Schwarzsee region over three to five years: livestock guardian dog programs, mobile fences, night enclosures, shepherd training. Not necessary in Freiburg Mittelland.

Total costs: 950,000 to 1,720,000 francs annually (gross). This corresponds to approximately 2.90 to 5.20 francs per inhabitant per year.

Compensatory Reproduction and Transition Management

Compensatory reproduction – artificially increased reproductive rates due to hunting pressure – also affects the Canton of Freiburg. After the system change, targeted transitional management is needed for the first three to five years, which is already factored into the higher staffing levels (cf. Studies on wildbeimwild.com).

Savings and counter-financing

These are offset by considerable savings: No hunting exams, no licence administration, no shooting quotas planning, no hunting supervision. A single senseless wolf killing costs the public around 35,000 francs (helicopter operations, coordination, legal proceedings).

Lost revenue

Abolishing recreational hunting would eliminate licence fees estimated at 700,000 to 1,000,000 francs annually. However, this is offset by the never-accounted external costs of militia hunting – wildlife accidents, hunting-related browsing damage in protection forests, administrative overhead, police and court operations – which amount to a multiple of this revenue. In the Canton of Geneva, this revenue has been forfeited since 1974 – without financial problems: Before the hunting ban, over 400 hobby hunters were active; today three full-time positions do the same job better. Sanitary and therapeutic culling by professional game wardens is not the same as regulatory hunting based on hunters' folklore or the hobby hunters' misunderstood 'nature experience'. A full cost analysis shows: Militia hunting costs taxpayers significantly more than it brings in (cf. 'What recreational hunting really costs Switzerland' on wildbeimwild.com).

Hobby hunters in politics vote against nature conservation. The recreational hunting lobby systematically opposes biodiversity and species protection initiatives. In 2024, it opposed the biodiversity initiative (63 percent No). In 2020, the hunting law it helped shape failed at the ballot box (51.9 percent No). In 2016, the Ticino Hunters' Association torpedoed the Parc Adula National Park. In the 2015-2019 legislative period, hobby hunters in parliament voted predominantly against environmental initiatives. Anyone claiming hobby hunters are conservationists ignores their voting record (cf. Ticino Hunters' Association: 30 Years of Nonsense and Cost Dossier).

The net additional costs are likely to be 500,000 to 1,100,000 francs annually, which corresponds to around 1.50 to 3.35 francs per resident. Even calculated generously: That's less than one coffee per person per year. For a canton with a total budget of around 4.3 billion francs (State Accounts 2024, EFV), that's less than 0.03 percent (cf. Hunting Myths Fact Check on wildbeimwild.com).

8. Compatibility with higher law

First article: Abolition of recreational hunting

The initiative is compatible with federal law. The federal Hunting Act (JSG) explicitly leaves the regulation of hunting rights, hunting systems, hunting areas and hunting supervision to the cantons (Art. 3 Para. 1 JSG). The three hunting systems are equivalent. The Canton of Geneva has practiced management hunting since 1974 and has never received a federal objection in over 50 years.

Second article: Protection of protected species

Art. 7a JSG enables cantons to implement preventive regulation but does not oblige them to do so. Refraining from it violates neither federal law nor the Bern Convention.

Unity of subject matter

The initiative maintains unity of subject matter, as all provisions of both articles relate to cantonal wildlife management and the protection of wild animals.

9. Anticipating foreseeable objections

'Freiburg has pre-Alpine regions and alpine farming – the Geneva model doesn't fit'

The facts: Geneva also has a rural hinterland with viticulture and agriculture. The largest part of Canton Fribourg is Mittelland (Lake District, Sense District, Broye) and directly comparable with Geneva. The Pre-Alps (Gruyère region) are less densely populated with fewer conflict zones. Alpine farming requires professional livestock protection, not hobby hunting. Livestock protection is already carried out today by professionals and not by hobby hunters (cf. the Psychology of hobby hunting in Canton Fribourg).

Communicative short formula: «The Fribourg Mittelland is the same landscape as Geneva. And in the Pre-Alps, professional livestock protection is needed, not hobby hunting.» / «Le Plateau fribourgeois est le même paysage que Genève. Et dans les Préalpes, il faut une protection professionnelle des troupeaux, pas la chasse de loisir.»

«The wolf needs hobby hunting»

The facts: The wolf regulates. Hobby hunting disrupts. Geneva has proven this for 50 years. Professional wildlife management enables the wolf to fulfill its ecological function while protecting livestock herds through professional prevention.

Communicative short formula: «The wolf regulates. Hobby hunting disrupts. Geneva has proven this for 50 years.» / «Le loup régule. La chasse de loisir perturbe. Genève le prouve depuis 50 ans.»

«Costs are rising – taxpayers will pay in the end»

The facts: 1.50 to 3.35 francs per inhabitant per year. At or below Geneva's level. Geneva has been doing this for 50 years, at 2.40 francs per capita, and 90 percent of the population wants to keep it.

Communicative short formula: «Around 2 francs per person per year. Comparable with Geneva. And 90 percent of Geneva residents want to keep it.» / «Environ 2 francs par personne et par an. Comparable à Genève. Et 90% des Genevois veulent le garder.»

10. Summary

This initiative gives the Fribourg population the opportunity to vote for modern, evidence-based wildlife management and comprehensive protection of endangered wildlife species. The first article follows the Geneva model proven for over 50 years and replaces hobby hunting with professional wildlife protection. The second article particularly protects the wolf in Gruyère, the lynx in the Pre-Alps and the beaver along the Saane. As a bilingual canton on the language border, Fribourg has a unique bridging function: The initiative connects the Geneva experience of Romandie with the German-Swiss debate.

Initiative Committee «For professional wildlife protection» / «Pour une gestion professionnelle de la faune sauvage»

[Name 1], [Name 2], [Name 3] …

(Committee members according to cantonal law, with residence in Canton Fribourg)

Contact address: [Committee address]

Appendix: Further documentation

The following dossiers and sources support the argumentation of this initiative and are available as attachments:

Geneva model in detail: wildbeimwild.com/dossiers/genf-und-das-jagdverbot – Comprehensive presentation of Geneva wildlife management since 1974.

Scientific studies: wildbeimwild.com/studien – Collection of scientific studies on self-regulation of wildlife populations.

Hunting in Switzerland: wildbeimwild.com/jagd-in-der-schweiz – Continuously updated overview of Swiss hunting policy.

Psychology of hobby hunting in Canton Fribourg: wildbeimwild.com – Psychologie der Hobby-Jagd im Kanton FR – Canton-specific analysis.

Psychology of hobby hunting: wildbeimwild.com/category/psychologie-jagd – Overarching contributions.

Wolf dossier: wildbeimwild.com/category/wolf – Current developments in wolf policy.

Predators: wildbeimwild.com/category/raubtiere – Information on predators.

Wildlife in settlement areas: wildbeimwild.com/category/wildtiere-im-siedlungsgebiet – Coexistence of humans and wildlife.

Hunting myths: wildbeimwild.com/dossiers/jagdmythen – Fact check.

Cantonal popular initiative Basel-Stadt: Sample text of the initiative in the canton of Basel-Stadt – The template for the entire initiative series.

Note on procedure

The initiative committee submits the initiative text in German and French to the State Chancellery of the canton of Fribourg for preliminary review before beginning signature collection. 6,000 valid signatures are required for the initiative to come about. The submission procedures follow the law on the exercise of political rights.

Strategic briefing for activists

Popular initiative «For professional wildlife protection» – Canton of Fribourg Internal working document – Status March 2026

Summary

Fribourg is the strategic bridge canton of the initiative series. As a bilingual canton on the language border, it connects the Geneva experience of Romandy with the German-Swiss debate. The cultural and linguistic proximity to Geneva makes the Geneva experience immediately accessible in the French-speaking part of the canton. 6,000 signatures among 330,000 inhabitants is feasible. The per capita costs are at or below the Geneva level. The patent hunting system change is administratively simple. Wolf, lynx and beaver are present in the canton.

1. Why Fribourg specifically?

Bilingual bridge canton. Connects Romandy and German-speaking Switzerland. The Geneva experience is culturally close in the French-speaking part.

Wolf politics in the Gruyère region. Wolf documented in the pre-Alps. Species protection paragraph mobilizes.

6,000 signatures among 330,000 inhabitants. 1.8 percent. Feasible.

Patent hunting = simple system change. No lease contracts, no municipal compensation.

Proximity to Geneva. «Genève le fait depuis 50 ans» is not an abstract reference here.

2. The lessons from Zurich: What we will do differently

Positive title. «For professional wildlife protection» / «Pour une gestion professionnelle de la faune sauvage».

Concrete budget calculation. Around 2 francs per capita. Comparable to Geneva.

Secure party support early. Involve SP, Greens, GLP, Centre gauche in both language regions early.

Bilingual campaign. Materials in German and French from the beginning.

3. Opposition analysis and prepared responses

Counter-argument 1: «Fribourg has pre-Alps and alpine agriculture»

The facts: The Fribourg midlands are the same landscape as Geneva. In the pre-Alps, professional herd protection is needed, not hobby hunting.

Brief communication formula: «The Fribourg midlands are Geneva. The pre-Alps need herd protection, not hobby hunting.»

Counter-argument 2: «The wolf needs hobby hunting»

The facts: The wolf regulates. Hobby hunting disrupts. Geneva has proven this for 50 years.

Brief communication formula: «The wolf regulates. Hobby hunting disrupts.» / «Le loup régule. La chasse de loisir perturbe.»

Counter-argument 3: «Costs will rise»

The facts: Around 2 francs per inhabitant per year. Comparable to Geneva.

Brief communication formula: «Around 2 francs. Geneva has been doing it for 50 years.» / «Environ 2 francs. Genève le fait depuis 50 ans.»

4. Communication strategy: The three core messages

«Geneva has been demonstrating this for 50 years.» / «Genève le fait depuis 50 ans.»

«Professional instead of hobby.» / «Professionnel au lieu de loisir.»

«Around 2 francs per person per year.» / «Environ 2 francs par personne et par an.»

5. Timeline and next steps

Phase	Content	Timeframe
Committee formation & text preliminary review	Involve lawyer; translation into French; committee members with FR residence from both language regions	Month 1–4
Submission for preliminary review	State Chancellery Fribourg (German and French text)	Month 4–5
Publication & collection start	Goal: 7,500+ signatures as buffer; collection in both languages	Month 5
Party contacts & coalition building	SP, Greens, GLP; Pro Natura Fribourg; BirdLife Fribourg; WWF; Fondation Franz Weber	Month 1–12
Submission of signatures	State Chancellery, official verification	After collection deadline
Grand Council debate	Parliamentary anchoring; bilingual media work	Following months
Referendum campaign	Bilingual mobilization, Geneva experience, wolf argument	Before the vote

6. Campaign material

• The Geneva dossier on wildbeimwild.com as central argumentation.
• The Psychology of hobby hunting in Canton Fribourg as background material.
• Local media: Freiburger Nachrichten, La Liberté, La Gruyère, Murtenbieter, Radio Fribourg.
• Infographic: Bridge Romandie–German-speaking Switzerland, wolf in Gruyère region, beaver on the Saane. Cost comparison FR vs. GE.
• All campaign material bilingual from the beginning (DE/FR).

7. Further sources

• Geneva hunting ban in detail
• Scientific studies
• Hunting in Switzerland
• Psychology of hobby hunting in Canton Fribourg
• Hunting myths fact-check
• Wolf policy
• Predators
• Federal hunting statistics (FOEN)
• Cantonal popular initiative Basel-Stadt

This document is a template text by IG Wild beim Wild. It can be freely used by activists, organizations or initiative committees and adapted to the circumstances in Canton Fribourg.

Fact-check: The claims of the hobby hunting lobby

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